Water as a Microbial Habitat
Water as a Microbial Habitat Microbes drive marine and aquatic ecosystems. They are the most diverse and abundant organisms in these habitats. The importance of …
Biogeochemical Iron Cycle
Iron Cycle The iron cycle features the interchange of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+). In environments that are fully aerated with a neutral …
The Genetic Code
The Genetic Code The final step in the expression of protein-coding genes is translation. Protein synthesis is called translation because it is a decoding process. …
Antiviral Drugs
Antiviral Drugs Table of contents Introduction of antiviral drugs Tamiflu an antiviral drugs Different drugs to treat viral illness Development of anti-DNA virus drugs Common …
Anti protozoan Drugs
Anti protozoan Drugs The number of anti protozoan drugs is relatively small, and the mechanism of action for most of these drugs is not completely …
Tissue Transplantation Rejection
Tissue Transplantation Rejection Transplants between genetically different individuals within a species are termed allografts (Greek allos, other). Some transplanted tissues do not stimulate an immune …
SARS: Evolution of a Virus
SARS: Evolution of a Virus In November 2002 a mysterious pneumonia was seen in the Guangdong Province of China, but the first case of this …
How to Build a Microorganism?
How to Build a Microorganism? Biotechnology has repeatedly demonstrated how useful the genetic modification of an organism can be. From the production of recombinant human …
Immunoglobulin: Introduction, Structure and function
Immunoglobulin Structure Introduction to Immunoglobulin All immunoglobulin molecules have a basic structure composed of four polypeptide chains. Two identical heavy chains. Two identical light chains. …
Agglutination reaction: Definition, Uses and Application
Agglutination Reaction Definition An agglutination reaction occurs when an immune complex is formed by cross-linking cells or particles with specific antibodies. Agglutination reactions usually creates …