Comparison Between the Domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
The Three-Domain System of classification, proposed by Carl Woese (1990), divides all living organisms into:
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
| Characteristic | Bacteria | Archaea | Eukarya |
| Cell nucleus | No | No | Yes |
| Chromosome form | Single, circular | Single, circular | Multiple, linear |
| DNA replication origins | One | One or more | Many |
| Histone proteins present | No | In some species | Yes |
| Peptidoglycan cell wall | Yes | No | No |
| Polycistronic mRNA | Present | Present | Present |
| mRNA Introns | Absent | Absent | Absent |
| Membrane lipids | Unbranched, ester-linked hydrocarbons | Some branched, etherlinked hydrocarbons | Unbranched, esterlinked hydrocarbons |
| Gas Vesicles | Present | Present | Absent |
| Ribosome sedimentation value | 70S | 70S | 80S |
| Ribosome sensitivity to diphtheria toxin | No | Yes | Yes |
| RNA polymerase | One type | Several types | Several types |
| First amino acid in a protein | Formylmethionine | Methionine | Methionine |
| Chlorophyll-based photosynthesis | Yes (cyanobacteria) | No | Yes (algae) |
| Growth above 80°C | Some species | Some species | No |
| Growth above 100°C | No | Some species | No |
| Pathogens | Some species | No | Some species |
Also Read:
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- Second Golden Age of Microbiology
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- How to Build a Microorganism?
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- Immunoglobulin: Introduction, Structure and function
- Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystems
- Microbiology Disciplines: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Archaea and Protists
- Bacteriophage: characteristics and replication of lytic and lysogenic cycle
- Cyanobacteria: occurrence, morphology, structure, reproduction
- Fungi: Distribution, Morphology, Reproduction, Classification
- Bacteria: Shape, Size, Structure and other Membrane
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC): introduction, types and difference
- Malaria: Causative Agent, Symptoms, Treatment and prevention
