Exposure and Transmission of Infectious Disease
Exposure and Transmission of Infectious Disease Exposure and Transmission An essential feature in the development of an infectious disease is the initial exposure of the …
Exposure and Transmission of Infectious Disease Exposure and Transmission An essential feature in the development of an infectious disease is the initial exposure of the …
Roles of Viruses In Aquatic Ecosystems Role of Viruses in aquatic ecosystem are important for marine and freshwater microbial communities. In fact, virioplankton are the …
Probiotics What are probiotics? The health benefits of fermented foods such as yogurt, which commonly contain bacteria in the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have been …
CRISPR-Cas9 Gene editing tool Creature or Creator? A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains …
Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystems Contents: Introduction of microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystems Microorganisms in Glaciers and Permanently Frozen Lakes Microorganisms in Streams and Rivers Physical and …
Microorganisms in Benthic Marine Environments Sixty-seven percent of the Earth’s surface lies under the sea, which means that of all the world’s microbial ecosystems. However, …
Innate Immunity Vertebrates are protected by both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In contrast to adaptive immune responses, which take days to arise following exposure …
Water as a Microbial Habitat Microbes drive marine and aquatic ecosystems. They are the most diverse and abundant organisms in these habitats. The importance of …
Iron Cycle The iron cycle features the interchange of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+). In environments that are fully aerated with a neutral …
The Genetic Code The final step in the expression of protein-coding genes is translation. Protein synthesis is called translation because it is a decoding process. …