What Are Bacteria? A Complete Study Notes and Guide
Introduction Bacteria are among the oldest, most abundant, and most diverse living organisms on Earth. They are microscopic, single-celled organisms …
Bacteriology
Bacteriology is a key branch of microbiology that focuses on the study of bacteria—their classification, structure, metabolism, ecology, genetics, and role in health, disease, industry, and the environment.
Helicobacter pylori: Morphology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa of humans. It is …
Clostridium: Morphology, Pathogenesis, Applications, and Prevention
Morphology Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes. These anaerobic bacteria thrive in oxygen-deprived …
Spirillum: Structure, Classification, and Role in Disease
Introduction to Spirillum Spirillum (plural: spirilla) refers to a group of spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria known for their distinct helical morphology …
Bacterial Cell Walls
Introduction There Are Two Main Types of Bacterial Cell Walls, The cell wall is the layer that lies just outside …
Pneumococcus: Introduction, Morphology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Introduction Pneumococcus, a gram-positive lanceolate Diplococcus, formerly classified as Diplococcus pneumomiae, has been reclassified as Str. pneumoniae because of its …
Measurements of microbial growth
Introduction Measuring microbial growth is essential in microbiology to understand how microorganisms multiply, respond to environmental conditions, and interact with …
Bacterial Growth Curve: Definition, Phases and Measurement
Definition The bacterial growth curve represents the growth pattern of a bacterial population over time when cultured in a closed …
Bacteriophage: characteristics and replication of lytic and lysogenic cycle
Introduction Bacteriophages or simply phage are bacterial viruses that infects bacteria. Bacteriophages was first observed by Fredrick W. Twort in …
Cyanobacteria: occurrence, morphology, structure, reproduction
Introduction The cyanobacteria are the most important and most diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria. Cyanobacteria are Gram negative bacteria. They …