Apoptosis Topics to be covered Introduction Two forms of cell death Regulators of apoptosis Caspases Apoptotic pathways Introduction In multicellular organisms, growth, development, and maintenance …
Immunoglobulin Classes: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE Immunoglobulin Classes Immunoglobulins provide a structural and chemical concept. All antibodies are immunoglobulins, but all immunoglobulins may …
Phagocytosis – Introduction and Mechanisms A significant defense mechanism of the innate system. Phagocytosis: Process of ingestion and digestion of the extracellular particulate material by …
Cytokines-Introduction, Properties, and Functions Introduction The word cytokines are derived from the Greek word, ‘cyto’ refers to cells, and ‘kinos’ refers to movement. Cytokines are …
Inflammation- Process, Factors, and Anti-Inflammatory agents Introduction Inflammation is an intricate response to various stimuli which includes local trauma, wound, or infections. Several mediators such …
ELISA – Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Introduction Immunoassays are bioanalytical methods, used to detect antigen-antibody specific reactions and provide qualitative /quantitative analysis in biological samples. Enzyme-linked …
Vaccines: Definition, Types & Functions Definition Vaccines are substances that prepare the immune system to recognize and respond to a pathogen (antigen), resulting in protection …
Antigen-Antibody Reactions Antigens-antibody, is a combination with each other, specifically and in an observable manner. Uses of Antigens and antibodies The reactions between antigens and …
CRISPR-Cas9 Gene editing tool Creature or Creator? A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains …
Innate Immunity Vertebrates are protected by both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In contrast to adaptive immune responses, which take days to arise following exposure …