Introduction The term PGPR (Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) was first used by Kloepper and Schroth to describe soil naturally occurring rhizobacteria. These bacteria settle on plant’s …
Contents Introduction Methods to obtain amino acid alphabet Materials Methods Introduction In past few years, directed evolution emerged as the most efficient and effective protein …
Plant Hormones Introduction Hormones are chemical messenger and usually organic in nature that are produced by source cell and regulate the cellular physiology of another …
Pneumococcus Introduction Pneumococcus, a gram-positive lanceolate Diplococcus, formerly classified as Diplococcus pneumomiae, has been reclassified as Str. pneumoniae because of its genetic relatedness to streptococcus. …
Klebsiella Introduction Klebsiella are gram-negative, nonsporing, non-motile bacilli that grow well on ordinary media, produce pink mucoid colonies on MacConkey’s agar. They are usually found …
Endospore staining and capsule staining of the bacteria Aim To study and differentiate bacterial species from other negative cells using endospore staining technique. To observe …
Toxins-Introduction, Types and Mechanisms Introduction Bacteria play an important role in causing diseases, it might be through infections or intoxications. In the infection process, bacteria …
Different Staining Methods used in Microbiology Introduction Staining methods are used to elevate the visibility and highlight specific morphological structures of the microorganisms. It is …
Introduction to the Microbial Nutrition Microbial cells carry out several functions, which include metabolic processes and growth. For these processes, energy sources are required, which …
Introduction The microorganisms respond differently when there is a variation in levels of nutrients. The growth of microorganisms is highly affected by the nature of …