Immunology Quiz

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1 / 20

The function of the immunological synapse formed between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell includes:

Inhibition of antigen processing

Facilitation of TCR signaling and directed secretion

Blocking costimulatory signaling

Suppression of cytokine release

2 / 20

Which cytokine is mainly involved in the induction of fever?

TNF-α

IL-10

IL-1

IL-6

3 / 20

Anergy in T cells is primarily caused by:

Antigen recognition without co-stimulatory signals

Presence of superantigens

Absence of antigen presentation

Excessive IL-2 production

4 / 20

Which enzyme complex is responsible for recombination of V(D)J gene segments in lymphocytes?

RNA polymerase

RAG1/RAG2

AID

Cas9

5 / 20

The process of class switch recombination in B cells requires the presence of which molecule?

TdT

IL-1

Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID)

RAG1/2

6 / 20

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans is also known as:

HLA

MALT

TCR

CD8

7 / 20

What is the function of CTLA-4 on T cells?

Increases cytokine production

Competes with CD28 to inhibit costimulatory signaling

Enhances T cell survival

Promotes proliferation

8 / 20

Hypersensitivity reactions are classified into how many types?

9 / 20

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?

Tonsils

Lymph node

Spleen

Thymus

10 / 20

Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) is required for which immunological process?

T cell receptor rearrangement

Somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination

Complement activation

MHC class II antigen loading

11 / 20

Which complement component is responsible for the membrane attack complex (MAC) formation?

C5b

C3b

C4a

C1q

12 / 20

Which cytokine is mainly responsible for the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow?

IL-1

TNF-α

IL-7

IL-3

13 / 20

Which cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Neutrophils

T cells

B cells

Macrophages

14 / 20

Which MHC molecule presents endogenous (intracellular) antigens to CD8+ T cells?

MHC DQ

MHC Class II

MHC Class I

MHC Class III

15 / 20

Which of the following cells are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

All of the above

B cells

Dendritic cells

T helper cells

16 / 20

Which of the following cells are essential for the formation of germinal centers in lymph nodes?

Dendritic cells

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells

Neutrophils

CD8+ T cells

17 / 20

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for promoting isotype switching to IgE?

IFN-γ

IL-10

IL-2

IL-4

18 / 20

The "danger model" of immune activation suggests that the immune system responds to:

Signals from damaged or stressed cells

Pathogens with high PAMP levels

Non-self antigens only

Antigens bound to MHC

19 / 20

Which of the following transcription factors is critical for the differentiation of Th1 cells?

FoxP3

GATA3

T-bet

RORγt

20 / 20

Hypersensitivity reactions are classified into how many types?

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